# Cervical Screening: A Simple Guide to Pap Smears and HPV Tests
Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers that can largely be prevented. Regular screening finds changes in the cervix years before cancer could develop, when treatment is simple. Many women in India have never had a screening test. This guide explains what the tests are and what happens if a result is abnormal.
Contents
# Why screening matters
The WHO fact sheet on cervical cancer explains that persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) causes most cervical cancers, and that HPV vaccination, screening and treatment of pre-cancerous changes are the main ways to prevent it. HPV is very common and usually clears on its own, so a positive test is not a cause for panic.
# The two main tests
- Pap smear (cytology): a few cells are taken from the cervix with a small brush and checked under a microscope for abnormal changes.
- HPV test: the same kind of sample is tested for high-risk HPV types. It can be done alone or together with a Pap smear.
Both take only a few minutes in the clinic. Most women feel mild pressure rather than pain.
# Preparing for the test
- Book it for a day when you are not on your period
- Avoid vaginal creams or douching for two days before
- Tell the doctor if you are pregnant or have unusual bleeding or discharge
# If the result is abnormal
An abnormal result usually means cell changes, not cancer. Next steps may include a repeat test, a colposcopy (a closer look at the cervix with a magnifying instrument) or a small biopsy. Dr. Mukta Paul’s page on gynaecological surgery describes cervical biopsy and LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) as procedures used to remove abnormal cervical tissue found on a Pap smear, with recovery usually taking one to two days.
# Symptoms that need a visit regardless of screening
Do not wait for your next screening date if you notice bleeding after intercourse, bleeding between periods, bleeding after menopause, or a persistent unusual discharge.
# HPV vaccination
Vaccination works most effectively before exposure to HPV, which is why it is offered to girls and young women. Adults can ask their doctor whether it is suitable for them.
# Booking a screening visit with a gynaecologist in Kharadi
A screening test can easily be added to a routine visit with a gynaecologist in Kharadi. Dr. Mukta Paul (MBBS, DGO, DNB, MRCOG UK) consults at Hridan Specialist Clinic, Cabin No. 2, Shop No. 1, Vitthal Heights, Mundhwa-Kharadi Road, opposite Radisson Blu Hotel, Kharadi, Pune. The clinic hours listed on her website are Monday to Wednesday and Friday to Saturday, 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM (closed Thursday and Sunday), and the appointment number is +91 99233 29461.
This article is general health information, not a diagnosis or a treatment plan. Details about Dr. Mukta Paul come from drmuktapaul.com; please check the website or call the clinic for current information.